Koziychuk O. G. The historical and pedagogical analysis of the problem of professional orientation of the students´

Basing on many different sources, the pedagogical principles of organization of comprehensive establishments in professional orientation were investigated. The emphasis is on the way of transition from the trade school to the vocationally oriented polytechnic under the goals of national education in Ukraine at the modern stage.

The theoretical and methodological principles of organizing the in professional orientation were investigated at home schools the first half — the XXth century of the second half of the ХХth century is exposed.

The presents the study of the problem of development readiness in senior pupils for choosing profession in historical perspective. The author explains the reasons for the changes of values of school leavers in different periods of development the system of professional orientation and development readiness in senior pupils for choosing profession at the stage of pre profile studies.

In this connection a legislatively-normative, material and technical base, contents (industrial and agricultural) and basic forms (student’s brigades, camps of labour and rest, educational-productive economy, educational-productive complex) of bringing the school pupils into the labour productive activity are described. The interrelation of professional self with professional guidance. The deals with the main aspects of forming general school senior pupils’ readiness to professional self-determination in the labour and professional study for the publicly useful productive work.

Investigated stages of development professional orientation and study of the problem of professional self. The features of Social-historical and pedagogical preconditions of the beginnings and the development of the ukrainian professional orientation are desribed. The historiografical analysis of the problem is given. The main directions and the tendencies of the development of the ukrainian theoretical pedology of the 20s – the first half of the 30s of the XX century are characterized. Achievement in the differentiation of education in school of the 20-ies became professionalization , the study of relevant disciplines was given 40-60% of the curriculum. Thus already in the early 20-ies in Ukraine have been attempts to introduce specialized training for graduates of the secondary school. Which to some extent resembles a modern profesin education. Тhe condition of school education a specified in the period and prove the necessity of introduction of profile education in the modern educational process.

The a reveals the mechanisms of functioning of system of professional education in Ukraine in 60–80-ies of the XX century, presents peculiarities of training and methodological support of professional education during the following period with the purpose to study previous educational experience.

This provides different estimates of career guidance in the period, analyzes literature, which concerns the problem, considers the possibility of using the accumulated in 60–80-ies of ХХth century experience for vocational guidance in Ukraine today. Analysis of sources allows studioware that the development of education and pedagogy in 60–80-ies of XX century was characterized by a search for more perfect forms , the terms of the trainin

At a time when there was an objective need for the state to raise the importance of the general educational institutions in training of skilled workers, the polytechnic education became the main direction of development of the national school system. The features of development of polytechnic idea in native school education in 1984–1990 are reflected. Legislatively-normative, general didactical and organizationally-pedagogical bases of realisation of schoolchildren polytechnic education are described in unity of its main components (study of bases of sciences; realisation of educational-productive excursions; realisation of labour and professional study; bringing schoolchildren into publicly useful, productive work; organization of schoolchildren’ technical and research activity). The deals with the problem of technology training of pupils at professional school. We stated that development and upbringing are the most important ones in professional technology training, because they train polytechnic outlook, constructive skills and features that contribute to creative individuality.

In the post-soviet period the idea of polytechnic education undergone deformation. The crisis in theory and practice of polytechnic education of pupils was due, above all, to the abolition of the mandatory initial training of pupils and the shift of emphasis to an instructional work at school. Implementation of the idea of a modernpolytechnic education in schooling is compounded by the absence of the legal framework, the imperfection of the didactic, organizational and pedagogical basis, low logistics due to a loss of communication between schools and enterprises, inadequate number of staff and limited pedagogical features of the educational process of specific general education institutions.

Based on the results of the analysis of the scientific literature identified that the general trend of development of the secondary school is its focus on the diversity of general and vocational education. The determines the factors that conditioned the laying of the professional orientation service in Ukraine, shows its basic structural elements, characterizes the main directions of the practical professional orientation work in comprehensive schools, describes the forms and the methods of professional orientation work with the students of the time under research.

Theabove mentioned factors reinforce the urgency of the development of theoretical approaches and practical tools for the progress of school education in view of the national historical and educational experience.